Abolitionism and Inactivity in Uncle Toms Cabin Essay -- Uncle Toms

The debate raging in the years 1836-1837 over womens proper duties and roles in regards to abolitionism was publicly shaped earlier by two opposing forces on the one hand, sisters Angelina and Sarah Grimke, abolitionists and champions of womens rights and on the other, Catharine Beecher, who opposed suffrage and womens involvement in abolitionism and argued in favor of womans place in the home. afterward the printing of Angelina Grimks pamphlet Appeal to the Christian Women of the Southern States (1836), Grimk and Catharine Beecher engaged in a written debate over womans public role in regards to the bondage issue. Beecher responded to Grimks assertions that Southern women should actively protest the system of slavery in her Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism (1837), in which she claimed that women, true to their naturally subordinate natures, were not hold out to interfere in such matters. In light of these facts, it is surprising to note that Harriet Beecher Stowe was Catherine Beechers sister. How could the author of Uncle Toms Cabin be related to the same woman who wrote Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism-- an anti-abolitionist document which pleaded with women to keep their thoughts on slavery to themselves? In Uncle Toms Cabin, Stowe not only frames both sides of the debate, but also actively incorporates it into her female characters and into her narrative voice, fictitiously dramatizing the issues with which Grimk and Beecher were concern fifteen years earlier. Uncle Toms Cabin, if racist by modern standards, is at least clearly anti-slavery Stowes intent in writing the novel, as she states in her Preface, is to awaken beneficence and feeling for the African race, as they exist among us (Stowe xviii). In her... ...atest need of positive and active role models. In only portraying Northern women who were at last able to act (and with Stowes praise), she ends up perpetuating beliefs that Southern women were naturally unsuited to engage in the aboliti onist cause. Works CitedBeecher, Catharine. Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism. The Limits of Sisterhood The Beecher Sisters on Womens Rights and Womans Sphere. ed. Jeanne Boydston et. al. Chapel Hill U of North Carolina P, 1988. 125-129Cain, William E., ed. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Blithedale Romance. Boston Bedford Books of St. Martins P, 1996.Grimke, Angelina. Appeal to the Christian Women of the South. The Public Years of Sarah and Angelina Grimk Selected Writings 1835- 1839. ed. Larry Ceplair. NY Columbia U P, 1989. 36-89.Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Toms Cabin. NY Bantam Books, 1981.

Airborne Express :: essays research papers fc

In a highly matched industry the organize of a firm is very important to its success. Today firms are moving away from the centralized structure of the past, and adopting a more decentralized structure (Management Challenges in the 21st Century p 315). The air express industry is no exception. FedEx, the leader in the air express industry since the late eighties, is likewise star U.P.S. in the race to become decentralized. mobile Express is not even in the race. In order to compete in todays ever-changing environment, Airborne Express needs to move away from its old fashion centralized structure and form a more decentralized structure. The old fashioned structure is not the only variable that makes Airborne the follower in the air express industry. The Internet and information systems are transforming the air express grocery into an electronic commerce market, and Airborne needs to transform its operations to meet this growing market.This report describes the strengths and wea kness of the organizational structure of Airborne Express. Furthermore, it also gives recommendations for future changes in Airborne Express. The first fraction of this report addresses how the organization of the firm evolved, and what changes are taking place structurally in its industry. The second section discusses labor issues in the air express industry and how they affect Airborne Express. The third section addresses the growing electronic commerce market and how its bear on the industry and Airborne Express.1) Structure of Airborne ExpressDuring the eighties many air express companies were formed and many were destroyed. However, three companies came out of this highly competitive period on top. They were FedEx, U.P.S. and Airborne Express. Airborne survived this highly competitive period by adapting to the external forces affecting the industry. One of the external forces affecting Airborne was the coat of the competition. U.P.S. and FedEx were just swallowing up competi tors. So Airborne decided the best way to compete was to be the low-monetary value provider of air express service. Robert Cline, CEO of Airborne explains their strategy When you are up against UPS and Federal Express, those guys are so big and so well capitalized that you have to have a tool to fight with them. It wasnt going to be size it wasnt going to be how well-known we were. So, we decided to be the low-cost operator.(Washington CEO P 33). However, to become the low cost operator Airborne had to make many structural changes.

Affirmative Action Will Build a Strong Nation Essay -- affirmative act

approbatory Action Will Build a Strong NationAffirmative Action often upon hearing this word, nonpareil will start thinking about quotas and reverse discrimination. However, contrary to this misconception, favourable action is actually a policy that dictates that employers attempt to find diverse employees by exploring untraditional sources of labor. The goal of affirmative action is to create a work force that mirrors the population of the nation both in gender and in ethnicity (Hanmer 8,10). Affirmative action is necessary to give all Americans an opportunity to be successful and to counteract the discrimination that still exists in modern society. Affirmative action is not only morally scantilyifiable, but it is also accessiblely and economically preferable in order to improve our society. The United States government first implemented affirmative action to overcome some of the clear differences in living conditions between people of different genders and races. Unfortunately , these differences still exist and eliminating affirmative action now would be premature for our nation. Affirmative action is essential to compensate for the fact that women and minorities receive fewer opportunities to succeed. Even after laws were passed to end institutionalized racism, the white males who owned the businesses and held the stovepipe jobs before continued to own the businesses and hold the best jobs. While legal equality may have been achieved, the nation was nowhere near having true social equality. As President Lyndon B. Johnson stated when he first started affirmative action, This is the next and the more profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom but opportunity. We seek not just legal equity but human abi... ...., William. Give Affirmative Action Time to Act. AAD Project. 1 Dec. 2000. University of atomic number 20 Santa Barbara, Department of English. 19 Feb. 2002 http//aad.english.ucsb.edu/docs/darity.html. Hanmer, Trudy J. Affirmative Action Opportunity for All?. Hillside, NJ Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1993. Mask, Susan. Countering the Myths A Proponents Point of View. University of Iowa, Office of Affirmative Action. 25 Feb. 2002 http//www.uiowa.edu/oaa/counteri.htm. Plous, Scott. disco biscuit Myths About Affirmative Action. Journal of Social Issues. 52.4 (1996) 25-31. Pressley, Sue Anne. Texas Campus Attracts Fewer Minorities. Washington Post. 28 Aug. 1997, http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/affirm/stories/ aa082897.htm. Supplier Diversity. Nike. 17 Mar. 2002. http//www.nikebiz.com/diversity/supplier.shtml.

Pro School Uniforms :: essays research papers

The Need for School UniformsA safe and sound and structured learning environment is the first requirement of a good indoctrinate. Children who feel safe and secure will better learn basic American values. In return they will learn the basis of good citizenship and become better students. In response to growing levels of violence in our naturalizes, many parents, teachers, and school officials have been forced to look toward school uniforms as one electric potentially positive elan to reduce discipline problems and increase school safety.It has been observed that the adoption of school uniform policies can promote school safety, improve discipline, and enhance the learning environment. The potential benefits of school uniforms include decreasing violence and theft. Some instances involving designer clothing and expensive sneakers have even led to life-threatening situations among students. Uniforms would also prevent clump members from wearing gang colors and insignia at school . Uniforms would also teach students discipline and help them resist peer pressure. Uniforms would also help students concentrate on their school assignment and would help school officials detect intruders who come unwelcome into the school.As a result, many local communities are deciding to adopt school uniform policies as part of an overall program to improve school safety and discipline. California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia have enacted school uniform regulations. Many large public school systems including Baltimore, Cincinnati, Dayton, Detroit, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Miami, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Phoenix, Seattle and St. Louis have schools with either voluntary or mandatory uniform policies, mostly in elementary and middle schools. In addition, many closed-door schools have required uniforms for a number of years. Still other schools have implemented dress codes to encourage a safe environment by prohibiting habilitate with certain language or gang colors.The decision to adopt a uniform policy must be made by states and local school districts. For uniforms to be a success, as with all other school initiatives, parents must be involved. We must get the parents involved with the uniform policies from the beginning.Their support of the uniform policy is critical to its success. The strongest push for school uniforms in recent years has come from parent groups who want better discipline intheir childrens schools. Parent groups have actively lobbied schools to create uniformpolicies and have often led school task forces that have drawn up uniform guidelines. Many schools that have successfully created a uniform policy survey parents first to gauge support for school uniform requirements and then seek the parents opinions in designing the uniform.

Fiber Optics :: essays research papers fc

Fiber OpticsFiber Optic Cable Facts"A relatively new technology with vast potency importance, fiber optics is thechanneled transmission of light finished hair-thin glass fibers." Less expensive than copper cables Raw material is silica sand Less expensive to guard If damaged, restoration time is faster(although more determinationrs are affected) Backbone to the Information SuperhighwayInformation (data and voice) is patrimonial through the fiber digitally bythe use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emissionof Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). from each one of these methods create ahighly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds.Computers at the transmitting end deepen data or voice into "bits" ofinformation. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, orlack, of light. Computers on the receiving end convert the light back into dataor voice, so it can be used.ORIGIN OF qual ity OPTICSInformation (data and voice) is transmitted through the fiber digitally bythe use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emissionof Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create ahighly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds.Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" ofinformation. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, orlack, of light. So, all of the data is sent light pulses. Computers on thereceiving end convert the light back into data or voice, so it can be used.All of this seems to be a very "modern" concept, and the technology we useis. The concept though, was the idea of Alexander Graham Bell in the late 1800s.He just didnt have a dependable light source... most days the sun doesntshine He thought of the idea that our voices could be transmitted by pulses oflight. The people who thought that audio, video, and other for ms of data couldbe transmitted by light through cables, were present day scientists. Most ofthe things that are possible today, Alexander Grahm Bell could never even havedreamed of.Although the opening move of lightwave communications occurred to AlexanderGraham Bell (who invented the telephone), his ideas couldnt be used until theLASER or LED had been invented. Most of these advances occurred in the 1970s,and by 1977 glass-purifying and other fiber-optic manufacturing techniques had similarly reached the stage where interoffice lightwave communications were possible.With further technological development, many intercity routes were in operationby 1985, and some transoceanic routes had been completed by 1990.

Fiber Optics :: essays research papers fc

Fiber OpticsFiber Optic Cable Facts"A relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fiber optics is thechanneled transmission of light done hair-thin glass fibers." Less expensive than copper cables Raw material is silicon dioxide sand Less expensive to maintain If damaged, restoration time is faster(although more users are affected) Backbone to the Information Super high schoolwayInformation (data and piece) is transmitted by the fiber digit on the wholey bythe use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emissionof Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create ahighly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds.Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" ofinformation. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, orlack, of light. Computers on the receiving end convert the light back into dataor voice, so it can be used.ORIGIN OF FIB ER OPTICSInformation (data and voice) is transmitted through the fiber digitally bythe use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emissionof Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create ahighly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds.Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" ofinformation. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, orlack, of light. So, all of the data is sent light pulses. Computers on thereceiving end convert the light back into data or voice, so it can be used.All of this seems to be a very "modern" concept, and the technology we useis. The concept though, was the idea of Alexander Graham Bell in the late 1800s.He just didnt devour a dependable light source... some days the sun doesntshine He persuasion of the idea that our voices could be transmitted by pulses oflight. The people who thought that audio, video, and othe r forms of data couldbe transmitted by light through cables, were present day scientists. Most ofthe things that are possible today, Alexander Grahm Bell could never even havedreamed of.Although the possibility of lightwave communications occurred to AlexanderGraham Bell (who invented the telephone), his ideas couldnt be used until theLASER or LED had been invented. Most of these advances occurred in the 1970s,and by 1977 glass-purifying and other fiber-optic manufacturing techniques hadalso reached the stage where interoffice lightwave communications were possible.With further technological development, many intercity routes were in operationby 1985, and some transoceanic routes had been effected by 1990.

Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

This article talks about Cognitive-Behavior therapy and using entreaty and ledger appropriately, how to approach using biblical/ Christian values in therapy. The journal too talks about an historical overview of behavioral therapy, throughout the years. The commentary discusses the both component of mindfulness, in which the first component engages self-guidance concentration and the second component engages implementing a meticulous direction that is distinguish by interest.He discusses the eight primary(prenominal) features of the Christian approach to cognitive-behavior therapy. It also describes clear and unclear integration of scripture and prayer in CBT. The author speaks about the assessment process to determining the practise of the Christian approach or standard approach in Cognitive Behavior therapy. The article explains the seven steps for interior healing prayer, but also says that it might not work for a more troubled individual.The Intervention section of the art icle covers different kinds of prayer and the diverse elements of prayer. Siang-Yang Tan explains in contingent a case of a client dealing with depression, he also illustrated a word for word transcript on how the Bible, scripture and prayer was utilise in the clients therapy session. Siang-Yang Tan also says that as with prayer, Scripture can also be mis calld or abused in therapy.However, the appropriate and ethical use of Scripture or the Bible in Christian CBT by a sensitive and prayerful therapist can be of significant help to Christian clients who seriously take the Bible to be the inspired Word of God and their ultimate authority in life (Tan, 1996). Interaction I became very concerned in this journal after reading through the titles for the other journals, this one seemed so fascinating to me.I was also looking at journal article Prayer in Counseling in which I decided to make my second journal assignment. I started reading with the expectation of learning how to use praye r and scripture in therapy. By reading this article I wise(p) of the historical overview of how prayer and scripture became a part of therapy. I also learned of the ethical and proper uses of prayer and scripture during CBT and also had a chance to read the illustration of different therapy sessions using different Christian approaches.It was very amiable to see the key features of biblical approaches used in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. I learned of the difference between Implicit and Explicit integration in therapy and it was used. Learning of how to handle a pre-intervention assessment to establish the method of whether to use Standard or Christian CBT was very helpful. I discovered about the seven steps to inner healing prayer and how it might not be a good idea to use these methods on a more psychotic client.I would definitely want to research the use of scripture and prayer a little more and how effective it is in treating clients. I am glad to see that it actually help the client in the article and also how he showed his method of doing so with Christian CBT. It is so exciting to see that Biblical or Christian values can help heal a client. I would absolutely love working in a Christian Counseling setting where I would be able to share and teach a client about the Lord and still help them get through whatever crisis they might have.

Analyze Curriculum Foundations Essay

Choose one of the four foundations of curriculum (philosophical, historical, psychological, or social), and contrast its sizeableness with the other three foundations. How does your selected foundation apply to your place of work/study?Charles Darwin the father of speciation, stated in his book On the Origin of Species that the in dictateigence of valet de chambre is merely the result of higher evolution. This theory is now being ch completelyenged by Marc Hauser, who is currently the director of cognitive evolution at Harvard University. In a new-made article published in Scientific American, Hauser stated that humans possess four abilities that be not found in other species which are the nucleus of humaningueness. Those abilities are Generative Computation (the ability to generate limitless words and concepts), Promiscuous Combinations of ideas (the ability to merge different domains of experience), Mental Symbols (ways to encode sensory experiences), and mouse Thought (the comprehension of things beyond what we can dupe).Each of these abilities are directly influenced by philosophical attributes, historical experiences, psychological behaviors, and social impacts (Wolchover). The purpose of this research is to take apart and compare the importance of these influences in our educational activityal formation. Society has always been the driving force behind persuading Individuals behavior. When talking about curriculum it is the social factors of family, peers, idols, and teachers that possess the great ability of manipulating our young people today. The family will infuse its beliefs or morals onto its members. For example if the parents of a family are uneducated and working low income jobs, education may not be their primary concern. Instead their interest may shift to basic needs, such as bringing more than income into the house as currently as possible.That usu onlyy reflects a negative outlook on education. In turn the scholarly person wi ll be unable to receive adequate succor form their parents on inculcate work. In hindsight if both parents are highly educated, they will place greater infuses on academics. Their expectation in their childrens education becomes much higher. Peers and Idols take a shit a hypnotic corresponding hold on our young people and harness the power to undermine even the most abiding of families. The desire to be accepted can be overwhelming to most. Some teenagers turn to idolizing rappers, TV stars, or sport figures in hopes of being recognized. The artist that are choosing usually defies the law and express little to no morals towards women, society, and puts no value on education. We can see this today in our young people, with the drop down paints, rebelling attitudes, belittling female, fathering multiple children from as many women as possible and leaving the mothers to take care of the children.This type of behavior has become very desirable. There is no doubt that society has a hold on forming the behavior of our young people, but it is the psychological need to bradding or concepts of life. This concept may go by many names such as self-actualization or individuation. No matter what you call it, it is a natural subscribe to within the human psychic to serve in a way that is coherent to one self. Educational Psychology focuses on how children learn. A lot of research has gone into this field of study. It tries to answer questions like how resolutionive is intervention, how should a room be range up for opium learning, how should lessons be taught, and how students learn and develop overall. As you can see this this discipline is concerned with the mental capacity of the students what they are feeling, how they see or perceive situations.This is an attempt to put the students at ease by feeling safe and understood. To succeed this field of study mustiness incorporate the social factors of the students in that area. Without understanding their socia l needs or wants any efforts are predetermined to fail. Philosophy on the other hand applies the directions for teachers to follow. It tells parents and students how teacher or school intends to treat them. The schools philosophy cleverness instruct teachers on how to give a lesson or what order to teach their subjects. An example of this might insist that each student must make a passing grade before the teacher is allowed to advance the class to another topic or tell a biology teacher that he or she will have to teach cell functions before teaching Mendels genetics.The Schools philosophy statement might read something like this our school believes that all students are unique unmarrieds that deserve a safe secure place that will nurture them emotionally as well as intellectually. Provide a place that would escalate their potential to new highs and promote respect towards family, school and society, but a teachers philosophy would be more geared for his or her room. Over all th e philosophy in curriculum provides guidance, a way of doing things, and opinions on how students should be treated.This type of discipline requires the knowledge of the communities believes, economic status, and the desires of the parents for their children. Like psychological behaviors it has to take in account the social attributes of its population. Around the nineteenth century public schools were set up to promote reading, writing, and arithmetic. These were the skills infallible to hold a job. Subjects like biology, civics, world history or health were unimportant to the public schools and was reserved for private schools whose students were being groomed for universities. The welfare of the students character or moral values where of no concern to the schools at this time. Only recently have the schools shifted to developing the entire students well-being. Focusing more on what it takes to produce a well-round individual which has the ability to rationalize complex situatio ns and develop into a productive member of society. This is achieved by teaching all core subjects not just a select few. To succeed the schools have to put real-world applications to old-world disciplines.Today all public schools would like to see every student attend some kind of institute for higher learning. Todays institutes of learning will incorporate psychology (a natural drive within the human psychic to behave in a manner that is coherent to one self, set up parameters for teachers curriculum), Philosophy (tells parents and students how teacher or school intends to treat them and what they are willing to provide), historical ( brought about the intergrading of core classes, set a pace on when a student is ready to advance to more complex subjects), and they have to take into consideration the social influences of the families, peers, as well as the community if they are to form a working curriculum. The curriculum should be an organized process that promotes a more student centered approach to learning, by directing the course of study in such a manner that it challenges the student at a constant upgrade in levels of difficulty which allows the student to comprehend and utilize pass lessons or experiences and promote individualization within the society.I have been teaching middle school biology for eight years now and we have to follow certain guidelines that make up our curriculum. It all starts with the entrance of the room. It must be inviting and shouts out come see. Once in the room they have to feel safe and comfortable. This room has to become their safe haven, where all the pressures of home and peers become nonexistence. I have to develop all aspects of the students life. Not only does this involve the core classes, but it could involve adulthood levels, self-confidence, behavior problems, and social interactions. The class subject has to be taught according to the State of Alabamas Board of Education. I am given a set of standards each ye ar and must cover each one to mastery. My lessons have to meet every students learning style, and treat every student as an individual with different needs and goals.Every lesson has to have three parts a beginning (this must capture the students interest and be a prelude to that old age topic), during (this is the meat and potatoes of the lesson, this could range from reading text to given lectures and everything in between. In this section of the lesson the objectives for that day must be met), and finally the after part of the lesson ( this is where the students have to show me that they were able to comprehend that days objectives and it gives me a chance to analyze my delivery of the subject matter). Before the curriculum can have any effect on the students I have to get to know them. I need to understand how they live and what they want out of life. This will allow me to teach in a manner that relates to them. It will give my lessons value and a means to an end. As you can tel l all the disciplines are incorporated into every lesson. For this system to work all teachers have to look beyond the course of study and take more interest into the students.ReferencesNatalie Wolchover, Lifes Little Mysteries Staff writer (What Distinguishes Humans from Other Animals?) 03 July 2011 Time 0921 AM ET

The Return: Midnight Chapter 14

The next morning Elena noticed that Meredith stil looked pale and languid, and that her eyes slid away if Stefan happened to glance at her. But this was a time of crisis, and as soon as the breakfast dishes were washed, Elena cal ed a meeting in the parlor. There she and Stefan explained what Meredith had missed during the visit from the sheriffs.Meredith smiled wanly when Elena t grey-headed how Stefan had banished them like stray dogs.Then Elena told the accounting of her out-of-body experience. It proved champion thing, at least(prenominal), that fairish was alive and relatively well. Meredith bit her lip when Mrs. Flowers said this, for it only made her compliments to go and put up middling out of the Dark Dimension personal y.But on the other hand, Meredith wanted to stay and wait for Alarics photographs. If that would save Fel s ChurchNo wiz at the boardinghouse could foreland what had happened on the Island of Doom. It was happening here, on the other side of the worl d. Already a couple of p bents in Fel s Church had had their children interpreted away by the Virginia Department of Child Protective Services.Punishments and retaliations had begun. How much longer would it be before Shinichi and Misao turn al the children into lethal weapons or let cozy those already turned? How long before some hysterical parent kil ed a kid?The group sitting in the parlor discussed plans and methods.In the end, they decided to make jars identical to those Elena and Bonnie had seen, and prayed that they could reproduce the writing. These jars, they were sure, were the means by which Shinichi and Misao were original y sealed rancid from the rest of the Earth.Therefore Shinichi and Misao had at a time forgather into the rather cramped accommodations of the jars. But what did Elenas group suck up now that could lure them back inside?Power, they decided. Only an amount of Power so great that it was supine to the kitsune twins. That was why the priestess had t ested to lure them back with her own blood. instantaneouslyit meant either the liquid in a ful star bal or blood from an extraordinarily reigning vampire. Or two vampires.Or three.Everyone was sober, thinking of this. They didnt know how much blood would be needed besides Elena feared that it would be more than they can afford to lose. It had for sure been more than the priestess could afford.And so in that respect was a silence that only Meredith could fil . Im sure youve al been wondering about this,she said, producing the staff thing from thin air, as cold as Elena could see. How did she do that? Elena wondered. She didnt pitch it with her and then she did.They al stared in the bright sunlight at the sleek beauty of the weapon.Whoever made that,Matt said, had a worm imagination.It was one of my ancestors,Meredith said. And I wont contest that.I have a question,Elena said. If youd had that from the beginning of your training if youd been raised in that kind of world, woul d you have tried to kil Stefan? Would you have tried to kil me when I became a vampire?I wish I had a good answer to that,Meredith said, her dark gray eyes pained. But I dont. I have nightmares about it. But how can I ever say what I would have done if Id been a different person?Im not enquire that. Im request you, the person you are, if youd had the training The training is brainwashing, Meredith said harshly. Her composed fa?ade seemed about to break.Okay, forget that. Would you have tried to kil Stefan, if youd provided had that staff?Its cal ed a fighting stave. And were cal ed people like my family, except that my parents dropped out hunter-slayers.There was a sort of gasp around the table. Mrs. Flowers poured Meredith more herbal tea from the sess sitting on a trivet.Hunter-slayers,repeated Matt with a certain relish. It wasnt hard to tel who he was thinking about.You can just cal us one or the other,Meredith was saying.Ive heard that out west theyve got hunter-kil ers. But we hang on to tradition here.Elena curtly felt like a lost little girl. This was Meredith, her big sis Meredith, saying al of this. Elenas voice was almost pleading. But you didnt take down tel on Stefan.No, I didnt. And, no, I dont think Id have had the courage to kil anyone unless Id been brainwashed. But I knew Stefan love you. I knew he would never make you into a vampire.The problem was I didnt know enough about Damon. I didnt know that you were fooling around so much. I dont think anybody knew that.Merediths voice was anguished, too.Except me,Elena said, flushing, with a lopsided smile.Dont look so sad, Meredith. It worked out.You cal having to leave your family and your town because everyone knows youre dead, working out?I do,Elena replied desperately, if it means I get to be with Stefan.She did her best not to think about Damon.Meredith looked at her blankly for a moment, then put her face in her hands. Do you want to tel them or should I?she asked, coming up for ai r and facing Stefan.Stefan looked startled. You remember?Probably as much as you got from my mind. Bits and pieces. Stuff I dont want to remember.Okay.Now Stefan looked relieved, and Elena felt frightened. Stefan and Meredith had a secret together?We al know that Klaus made at least two visits to Fel s Church. We know that he was completely vileness and that on the second visit he planned to be a serial murderer. He kil ed Sue Carson and Vickie Bennett.Elena interrupted quietly. Or at least he helped Tyler Smal wood to kil Sue, so that Tyler could be initiated as a werewolf. And then Tyler got Caroline pregnant.Matt cleared his throat as something occurred to him. Uh does Caroline have to kil psyche to be a ful werewolf, too?I dont think so,Elena said. Stefan says that having a werewolf litter is enough. Either way, blood is spil ed.Caroline wil be a ful werewolf when she has her twins, scarcely shel probably begin changing involuntarily before that.Right?Stefan nodded. Right. But getting back to Klaus What was it he was supposed to have done on his head start visit? He attacked without kil ing an old man who was a ful hunter-slayer.My grandfather,Meredith whisper.And he supposedly messed with Merediths grandfathers mind so much that this old man tried to kil his wife and his three-year-old granddaughter. So what is wrong with this picture?Elena was truly frightened now. She didnt want to hear whatever was coming. She could taste bile, and she was glad that shed only had toast for breakfast. If only there had been someone to produce care of, like Bonnie, she would have felt better.I give up. So what is wrong?Matt asked bluntly.Meredith was staring into the distance again.Final y Stefan said, At the risk of exposure of sounding like a bad soap operaMeredith had, or has, a twin brother.Dead silence fel over the group in the parlor. horizontal Mrs.Flowerss Ma ma didnt put in a word.Had or has?Matt said final y, breaking the silence.How can we know?Stef an said. He may have been kil ed.Imagine Meredith having to watch that. Or he could have been kidnapped. To be kil ed at a later time or to become a vampire.And you rattling y think her parents wouldnt tel her?Matt demanded. Or would try to make her forget? When she was what, three already?Mrs. Flowers, who had been quiet a long time, now spoke sadly. unspoilt Meredith may have decided to block out the truth herself. With a child of three its hard to say. If they never got her professional helpShe looked a question at Meredith.Meredith shook her head. Against the code,she said. I mean, strictly speaking, I shouldnt be tel ing any of you this, and especial y not Stefan. But I couldnt stand it anymorehaving such good friends, and constantly deceiving them.Elena went over and hugged Meredith hard. We understand,she said. I dont know what wil happen in the future if you decide to be an active hunter I can betoken you my friends wont be on my list of victims,Meredith said. By the way,she added, Shinichi knows. Im the one whos kept a secret from my friends al my life.Not any longer,Elena said, and hugged her again.At least there are no more secrets now,Mrs. Flowers said gently, and Elena looked at her sharply. Nothing was ever that simple. And Shinichi had made a whole handful of predictions.Then she precept the look in the spiritless blue eyes of the old woman, and she knew that what was important right then was not truth or lies, or even reckonings, but simply comforting Meredith. She looked up at Stefan while stil hugging Meredith and saw the same look in his eyes.And that made her feel better somehow. Because if it was truly no secretsthen she would have to figure out her feelings about Damon. And she was more afraid of that than of facing Shinichi, which was saying quite a lot, real y.At least weve got a potters wheel somewhere,Mrs.Flowers was saying. And a kiln in the back, although its al grown over with Devils Shoestring. I used to make flowerpot s for outside the boardinghouse, but children came and smashed them. I think I could make an urn like the ones you saw if you can draw one for me. But perhaps wed better wait for Mr. Saltzmans pictures.Matt was mouthing something to Stefan. Elena couldnt make it out until she heard Stefans voice in her mind. He says Damon told him once that this house is like a swap meet, and you can find anything here if you look hard enough.Damon didnt make that up I think Mrs. Flowers said it first, and then it sort of got around, Elena returned heatedly.When we get the pictures,Mrs. Flowers was saying brightly,we can get the Saitou women to translate the writing.Meredith final y moved back from Elena. And until then we can pray that Bonnie doesnt get into any trouble,she said, and her voice and face were composed again. Im starting now.Bonnie was sure she could stay out of trouble.Shed had that strange dream the one about shedding her body, and release with Elena to the Island of Doom.Fortunat ely, it had seemed to be a real out-of-body experience, and not something she had to ponder over and try to find hidden meanings in. It didnt mean she was doomed or anything like that.Plus, shed managed to live with another night in this brown room, and Damon had to come and get her out soon.But not before she had a sugarplum. Or two.Yes, she had gotten a taste of one in the spirit level last night, but Marit was such a good girl that she had waited for dinner to have any more. Dinner was obtained in the next story about the Dustbins, which shed plunged into this morning. But that contained the horror of little Marit tasting her first hand-caught piece of raw liver, fresh from the hunt. Bonnie had hastily pul ed the little star bal off her temple, and had determined not to do anything that could possibly get her on a human hunting range.But then, compulsively, she had counted up her money. She had money. She knew where a shop was. And that meantshoppingWhen her ass break came aro und, she managed to get into a conversation with the boy who usual y led her to the outdoor privy. This time she made him blush so hard and column at his earlobe so often that when she begged him to give her the key and let her go by herself it wasnt as if she didnt know the way he had relented and let her go, asking only that she hurry.And she did hurry across the street and into the little store, which smel ed so much of melting fudge, toffee being pul ed by hand, and other appetising smel s that she would have known where she was blindfolded.She also knew what she wanted. She could picture it from the story and the one taste Marit had had.A sugarplum was round like a real plum, and shed tasted dates, almonds, spices, and honey and there may have been some raisins, too. It should cost five soli, according to the story, but Bonnie had taken fifteen of the smal coppery-looking coins with her, in case of a confectionary emergency.Once inside, Bonnie glanced warily around her. T here were a lot of customers in the shop, maybe six or seven. One brown-haired girl was wearing sacking just like Bonnie and looked exhausted. Surreptitiously, Bonnie inched toward her, and pressed five of her copper soli into the girls chapped hand, thinking, there now she can get a sugarplum just like me that ought to exhort her up. It did the girl gave her the sort of smile that Mother Dustbin often gave to Marit when she had done something adorable.I wonder if I should talk to her?It looks pretty busy,she whispered, ducking her head.The girl whispered back, It has been. Al yesterday I kept hoping, but at least one noble came in as the last one left.You mean you have to wait until the shops empty to ?The brown-haired girl looked at her curiously. Of course unless youre buying for your mistress or master.Whats your name?Bonnie whispered.Kelta.Im Bonnie.At this Kelta burst into silent but convulsive giggles.Bonnie felt offended shed just given Kelta a sugarplum or the price of one, and now the girl was laughing at her.Im sorry,Kelta said when her contentment had died down. But dont you think its funny that in the last year there are so many girls changing their names to Alianas and Mardeths, and Bonnas some slaves are even being allowed to do it.But why?Bonnie whispered with such obvious genuine bewilderment that Kelta said, Why, to fit into the story, of course. To be named after the ones who kil ed old Bloddeuwedd while she was rampaging through the city.That was such a big deal?You real y dont know? After she was kil ed al her money went to the fifth domain where she lived and there was enough left over to have a holiday. Thats where Im from. And I used to be so frightened when I was sent out with a message or anything after dark because she could be right above you and youd never know, until Kelta had put al her money into one pocket and now she mimed claws go on an innocent hand.But you real y are a Bonna,Kelta said, with a flash of w pisse teet h in rather dingy skin. Or so you said.Yeah,Bonnie said feeling vaguely sad. Im a Bonna, al rightThe next moment she cheered up. The shops emptyIt is Oh, youre a good-luck Bonna Ive been waiting two days.She approached the income tax return with a lack of fear that was very encouraging to Bonnie. Then she asked for something cal ed a blood jel y that looked to Bonnie like a smal mold of strawberry Jel -O, with something darker deep inside. Kelta smiled at Bonnie from under the curtain of her long, unbrushed hair and was gone.The man who ran the sweetshop kept looking hopeful y at the door, clearly hoping a free person a noble would come in.No one did, however, and at last he turned to Bonnie.And what is it you want?he demanded.Just a sugarplum, please?Bonnie tried hard to make sure her voice didnt quaver.The man was bored. Show me your pass,he said irritably.It was at that point that Bonnie suddenly knew that everything was going to go horribly wrong.Come on, come on, snap it up Stil looking at his accounting books, the man snapped his fingers.Meanwhile Bonnie was running a hand over her sack-cloth smock, in which she knew perfectly well there was no pocket, and certainly no pass.But I thought I didnt need a pass, except to cross sectors,she babbled final y.The man now leaned over the counter. Then show me your freedom pass,he said, and Bonnie did the only thing she could think of. She turned and ran, but before she could reach the door she felt a sudden stinging pain in her back and then everything went blurry and she never knew when she hit the ground.

Applied Statistics at Grand Canyon University Essay

1. Which patient scored the highest on the preoperative CVLT Acquisition? What was his or her T score? The 3rd patient scored 63 which is the highest CVLT T-score.2. Which patient scored the lowest on postoperative CVLT recovery? What was this patients T score?The 4th patient scored the lowest on the postoperative CVLT retrieval with a score of 23.3. Did the patient in Question 2 have more of a memory performance decline than average on the CVLT Retrieval? Provide a rationale for your answer.Yes, because he scored 23 and the average is 38.2.4. What is the mean ( X) and standard deviation (SD) for preoperative T score for CVLT Acquisition?The mean for preoperative T score for CVLT acquisition is 46.35, and the SD is 5.061, calculated using Excel auto sum function.5. Is the preoperative Retrieval T score for Patient 5 supra or below the mean for the norm of the group? Provide a rationale for your answer.The score for patient 5 on preoperative Retrieval T score (52) is above the mean f or the norm of the group (47.36).6. Assuming that the distribution of the preoperative CVLT Retrieval T scores is normal, the middle 68% of the patients had T scores betwixt what two values?7. Assuming that the distribution of scores for the postoperative CVLT Retrieval T scores is normal, the middle 68% of the patients had T scores between what two values?8. The researchers state that it appears that the functional integrity of the left temporal lobe, despite evidence of structural abnormality, plays a considerable role when it comes to memory outcomes pursuance left ATL. Can the findings from this study be generalized to a larger population? Provide a rationale for your answer.No, because, according to our source, the sample size is also small to generalize the results for a larger population.9. If a patient had a raw score = 30, what would his/her postoperative CVLT Retrieval T score be? Tscore=10X/SD+(50-10Xo/SD)Tscore=10(30)/1.414+(50-10(39.294))/1.414Tscore=-15.72910. Did patients adjoin more postoperative memory declines among CVLT Retrieval T scores than CVLT Acquisition T scores? Provide a rationale for your answerNo, the number of declines in both postoperative categories is the same(13).

Research Proposal on Consumer Decision Analysis Essay

Primary research objective To determine the chemical elements influencing the consumer decision plot of ground buy harvest-feast drinks in the age group 17-30 in the city of Pune. Secondary research objective To determine the reaping attributes influencing barter for decision of result drink stigmas. To determine the reasons for consuming various reaping drink defects. To determine the most preferent SKU( amount of money) in fruit drink category. To determine the most favourite(a) channel in the fruit drink category. Data which research plans to generate Factors influencing the picking of fruit drinks over other beverages.Factors influencing choice of a particular fruit drink brand. Factors influencing the choice of a particular channel in fruit drink category. Value of Information to Management This report aims to generate information on various factors influencing consumer decision while acquire a fruit drink. Companies can utilise this information for identifyi ng the awareness levels of their respective brands in the fruit drink category. similarly companies can evaluate their positioning and promotion strategies based on the factors influencing the choice of a particular fruit drink brand.Companies can excessively utilise the factors influencing the choice of SKU for managing their portfolio of different SKUs in the fruit drink category. The information on factors influencing the choice of a channel can be used to focus on the growth channels and also in managing existing channels. This report also contains broad based trends on consumer profile, awareness levels, usage patterns and fruit drink category as a whole which can be utilised to make inferences about the future. Research Approach Data collection methods.a) Secondary Research External junior-grade info has been generated to obtain volume of sales regarding beverage markets, fruit drinks, each of the brands and the positioning of each of the brands. b) Survey Research Dat a was self-contained from candidates using questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed in colleges and spate on the street. I distributed the questionnaires outside the shops to gather data from people who had hump to visit there. I made an online questionnaire and circulated on the internet and gathered results from those. measuring Instruments The measurement instrument in the questionnaire was a five point Likert scale. Apart from details regarding their choice of drink for refreshment, their frequency of visits and the channels they choose, their spending patterns will also be mapped. The data was extracted and put in MS Excel. All the further analysis was then carried out using SPSS. The measurement was stick outed to get a fair idea about the various attributes and conducted factorial analysis of the important attributes. Samples The aim was to collect nose candy samples for the analysis. The samples should be much(prenominal) that they are consumers of fruit dr inks.I also tried to get an adequate ratio of men and women in the samples. The main demographics targeted were the younger age group as they are more health conscious and aware of such health drinks. Also I tried to focus more on the college going crowd and young professionals as they would be more interested in trying out new products and were more conscious. Buyers who watch been consuming fruit drinks were better able to answer the questions regarding the influencing factors and the reasons for their outlay and secure. The samples collected from internet present also been very valuable in the research.Analysis Techniques The analysis techniques used have been on SPSS and the tests were performed to ascertain the factors influencing the consumer decision while buying fruit drinks. Factor analysis was conducted to discern out of the 13 factors mainly which factors make up ones mind the buying habits of the consumers. Ultimately I identified 5 factors which mainly have an influence. I also conducted coefficient of correlation tests to find out the various reasons for purchasing any particular brand of fruit drink. The main limitation is the sampling conducted. It was through with(p) in a random manner and no particular technique followed.In the first survey a greater number of college students have been surveyed. The data might not be representative of the entire population. Limitations Various statistical techniques as learned have been implemented and conclusions as best possible have been drawn making few assumptions as and when required. Since no data was on interval or ratio scale it was not feasible to conduct lapsing and ANOVA. Factor Analysis The Perceptual mapping for various factor recognized Rotated Component Matrix(a) Component health and media convenience product features package design hygienics influence range_flavours 0.112 -0. 069 0. 847 -0. 056 0. 033 availability 0. 011 0. 001 0. 82 0. 009 0. 042 brandambassador 0. 633 -0. 07 2 -0. 253 -0. 118 0. 3 visual_packg 0. 084 0. 072 0. 062 -0. 023 0. 872 price -0. 14 0. 003 0. 088 0. 691 0. 438 quantityavailable 0. 108 0. 643 0. 041 -0. 181 0. 06 promotionschemes -0. 08 0. 856 -0. 039 0. 172 -0. 032 packetcleanliness 0. 926 0. 004 0. 152 -0. 013 -0. 014 brand determine -0. 116 0. 794 -0. 159 0. 125 -0. 028 nutritionvalue 0. 778 -0. 074 -0. 043 0. 067 -0. 088 flavour 0. 147 0. 118 -0. 113 0. 779 -0. 261 adfreq -0. 065 0. 8 0. 052 0. 046 0. 066 expirydate 0. 805 -0.009 0. 244 0. 04 0. 043 Extraction Method Principal Component Analysis. gyration Method Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations. The factors recognized after the factor analysis are as under Factor 1 Health and hygiene 1. Packet cleanliness 2. Nutrition Value 3. Expiry Date Factor 2 Media Influence 1. Promotion Schemes 2. Brand Value 3. AD Frequency Factor 3 Convenience 1. Range of flavors 2. Availability Factor 4 produce Features 1. Price 2. Flavor Factor 5 Package D esign 1. Visual Packaging Attributes those were not important 1. Brand Ambassador 2.Quantity Available The perceptual maps show the mapping of different factors in the minds of the customers and the link betwixt them. The data was reduced from umteen attributes to 5 factors that have similar attributes. The various factors mapped according to the rotated results of factor analysis. The factors were given(p) titles based on the attributes in them. These factors were used to form the factor analysis where two factors were mapped on X and Y axis to know the relation between them. The factors help the company to know how the product is currently mapped in the customers mind.If a target consumer is focused upon then the factors can be changed and a different map can be formed. The attribute brand ambassador and package sizes available are not a major attribute in any of the factors. This justifies the fact that almost all the major fruit drinks are not endorsed by any of the big brand ambassador barring a few such as minute maid mucky orange (Nikhil Chinappa ) . Also the variety of the package sizes available is not affecting the consumer decision while making a purchase for fruit drinks. CrossTabs 1. secure oftenness VS SKU PREFERRED.Crosstab Count SKU 200 ml purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely match 25 15 7 11 58 300 ml 2 6 1 1 10 500 ml 5 6 4 5 20 1 litre 2 0 4 6 12 Total 34 27 16 23 atomic number 6 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear linkup N of Valid Cases a. 19. 117a 20. 380 8. 109 100 df 9 9 1 sided) . 024 . 016 . 004 10 cells (62. 5%) have expected take less than 5. The lower limit expected count is 1. 60. Since p value is less than alpha i. e. .05 (95% confidence level), therefore h0 is rejected. This shows that there is high association between purchase frequency and SKU or quantity packs.This is an sign of the fact that people preferring smaller SKUs usually purchase more as compared to others. Thus high association between purchase frequency and SKU (pack sizes ) is established . 2. PURCHASE frequency VS GENDER purchasefrequency * gender Crosstabulation Count gender male purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 19 18 12 17 66 female 15 9 4 6 34 Total 34 27 16 23 100 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 2. 776a 2. 776 2. 387 100 df 3 3 1 sided) . 428 . 427 . 122 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5.The marginal expected count is 5. 44. Since p value is greater than alpha i. e. o. 05 (95% confidence level), therefore there is no association between purchase frequency and gender. 3. plectron OF CHANNEL VS FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF CHANNEL channel * reasonforchannel Crosstabulation Count reasonforchannel Pricing channel Retail store Supermarket Cineplex Restaurants Travel Pan shops Others Total 4 4 1 1 1 0 1 12 Amb ience 8 6 0 3 2 2 0 21 Nearness 23 6 0 1 1 0 0 31 Service 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Display 13 6 2 3 1 0 0 25 Reputation 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 Occasion 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 Total 54 23 5 9 5 2 2 100.Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 68. 211a 50. 165 1. 108 100 df 36 36 1 sided) . 001 . 059 . 293 a. 43 cells (87. 8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 02. Here p value is less than alpha i. e. 0. 05 (95% confidence level) therefore Ho is rejected. This shows that there is high association between choice of channel and factors affecting the choice of channel.This gives an indication such that those people who consider availability and nearness as their factor affecting the choice of channel might prefer buying fruit drink from retail stores or grocery store stores. Thus a high association is established. CROSSTABS OF PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS REASONS FOR HAVING FRUIT DRINKS I conducted crosstabs of purchase frequency with the scores /ranking given by various respondents to the various reasons for tipsiness fruit drinks such as socialisation, refreshment, enjoyment, moral lift, attitude, basic passion, taste etc. out of all these crosstabs association was give between two cases.The two cases have been given below 1. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS REFRESHMENT purchasefrequency * refreshment Crosstabulation Count refreshment neither agree nor potently disagree purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 20 18 9 8 55 disagree 7 6 7 12 32 disagree 5 0 0 2 7 agree 2 1 0 1 4 strongly agree 0 2 0 0 2 Total 34 27 16 23 100 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 20. 628a 23. 332 . 108 100 df 12 12 1 sided) . 056 . 025 . 742 a. 12 cells (60. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .32. Since p value is less than alpha (95% confidence level) thus there is high association between refreshment purpose and purchase frequency. This might be an indication of the fact that people deglutition fruit drinks for refreshment purpose generally buy more as compared to others. PURCHASE FREQUENCY VS BASIC THIRST purchasefrequency * basicthirst Crosstabulation Count basicthirst neither agree nor strongly disagree purchasefrequency 1-3 times 4-6 times more than 6 times rarely Total 6 11 3 11 31 disagree 15 6 9 9 39 disagree 7 6 0 2 15 agree 5 4 4 0 13 strongly agree 1 0 0 1 2 Total 34 27 16 23 100.Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. (2Value Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 20. 262a 26. 177 4. 223 100 df 12 12 1 sided) . 062 . 010 . 040 a. 12 cells (60. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 32. Since p value is less than alpha (95%) therefore there is high association between purchase frequency and basic thirst /filling purpose. This might be an indication of the fact that people dr inking fruit drinks for basic thirst / filling purpose generally buy more as compared to others.Correlation Correlation of the various brands (i. e. Appy, Real, Tropicana etc) was done with various reasons for drinking such as refreshment, enjoyment, elan vital, mental lift etc. I tried to identify the various reasons that are correlated with various brands . This activity basically helped us in identifying the perception and connotations of people towards various fruit drink brands. Following are some of the inferences that I established after conducting the correlation analysis. 1.There was a significant correlation between brand Real and the following reasons for drinking Health Enjoyment Attitude 2. There was a significant correlation between brand Tropicana and the following reasons for drinking Health Enjoyment 3. There was a significant correlation between brand Maaza and the following reasons for drinking Attitude 4. There was a no correlation between brand Slice a nd the various reasons for drinking. 5. There was a significant correlation between brand Appy and the following reasons for drinking Socialising 6.There was a significant correlation between brand Frooti and the following reasons for drinking Taste Mental lift 7. There was a significant correlation between brand Mangola and the following reasons for drinking Taste Mental lift 8. There was a significant correlation between brand Pulpy Orange and the following reasons for drinking Attitude 9. There was a significant correlation between brand Twister and the following reasons for drinking Taste Mental lift 10.There was a significant correlation between brand Others (ex. Lehberry etc.) and the following reasons for drinking Attitude Basic thirst Conclusion On the basis of the data collected and the tests conducted I have arrived at the following conclusions With the help of correlation I was able to identify the attributes that consumers associate with the various fruit d rinks and which in turn drive their purchase decision for the same. For example Tropicana is associated with health and enjoyment whereas Appy is associated with socialising. These reflect the perceptions of the various fruit drinks in the mind of the consumers.The crosstab between purchase frequency and SKU showed that those purchasing smaller SKUs purchase more frequently as compared to those who purchased a 500ml or 1litre. On the other hand there is no impact of gender on purchasing frequency for fruit drinks. There is a high association between the channels preferred and the factors affecting these channels. The most important factor came out to be location or nearness of the channel. There is also a high association between purchase frequency and reasons for consuming fruit drinks such as refreshment and fulfilling basic thirst.In factor analysis I found out 5 factors which mainly have an impact on the purchase of a fruit drink. There were two factors which did not have any si gnificant impact. Also, I found out that the most preferred channel for purchase in retail stores. The most preferred SKU is 200ml packs which could be due to convenience. The most preferred drink is Frooti followed by Tropicana and Real. Annexure Perceptual Maps 1.Health & Hygiene Vs Media Influence 0. 778 health and hygiene -0. 08 0. 926 -0. 116 0. 778 -0. 065 0. 805 media/external influence 0. 856 0. 004 0. 794 -0. 074 0. 8 -0. 009.promotionschemes packetcleanliness brandvalue nutritionvalue adfreq expirydate 2. Health & Hygiene Vs Convenience health and hygiene range_flavours availability packetcleanlines s nutritionvalue expirydate 0. 112 0. 011 0. 926 0. 778 0. 805 convenience 0. 847 0. 82 0. 152 -0. 043 0. 244 3.Health & Hygiene Vs increase Features health and hygiene price packetcleanlines s nutritionvalue flavour expirydate -0. 14 0. 926 0. 778 0. 147 0. 805 product features 0. 691 -0. 013 0. 067 0. 779 0. 04 4. Media Influence Vs Convenience media influence range_flavours availability -0. 069 0. 001 convenience 0. 847 0. 82.promotionschemes brandvalue adfreq 0. 856 0. 794 0. 8 -0. 039 -0. 159 0. 052 5. Media Influence Vs Product Features media influence price promotionscheme s brandvalue flavour adfreq 0. 003 0. 856 0. 794 0. 118 0. 8 product features 0. 691 0. 172 0. 125 0. 779 0. 046 6.Convenience Vs Product Feature convenience range_flavours availability price flavour 0. 847 0. 82 0. 088 -0. 113 product features -0. 056 0. 009 0. 691 0. 779 7. Health & Hygiene Vs Package Design visual_packg packetcleanline ss nutritionvalue expirydate health and package hygiene design 0. 084 0. 872 0. 926 -0. 014 0. 778 0. 805 -0. 088 0. 043 8.Media Influence Vs Package Design media/external package influence design visual_packg 0. 072 0. 872 promotionscheme 0. 856 -0. 032 s brandvalue 0. 794 -0. 028 adfreq 0. 8 0. 066 9. Convenience Vs Package Design range_flavou rs convenience package design 0. 847 0. 033 availability visual_packg 0. 82 0. 062 0. 042 0. 872 10. Product features Vs Package design product features visual_pack g price flavour -0. 023 0. 691 0. 779 package design 0. 872 0. 438 -0. 261 Questionnaire QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Whom do you buy fruit drinks for? (Tick one) a) Myself b) Family c) Children d) Institutional purposes / social occasions 2.a) b) c) d) 3. a) b) c) d) How often do you have a fruit drink? 1-3 times a week 4-6 times a week More than 6 times a week Rarely (fortnightly ) What quantity do you usually prefer to buy? 200-250 ml (Tetrapak) 300 ml 500 ml bottle 1 litre 4. Through which medium did you come to know about your preferred fruit drink brand? a) Hoardings and banners b) Newspaper and magazines c) TV/radio d) Word of mouth e) Others .. 5. Do the following reasons influence your consumption of fruit drinks? Strongly Disagree Neither grant disagree agree nor REASONS disagree For social occasions / entertainment It acts as a refreshment.Strongly Agree It provides enjoyment It tastes very good It satisfies my basic t hirst and is filling I feel a sense of well being after consuming it It gives me vitality and energy It relaxes me mentally It reflects my attitude 6. Rank the following fruit drinks from 1 to 5, with 1 being least preferred and 5 being most preferred a) Real b) Tropicana c) Maaza d) Slice e) Appy f) Frooti g) Mangola h) Pulpy orange i) Twister j) Others 7.How important are the following factors for purchasing a fruit drink? FACTORS Very less slight No important important Influenc e Important Very Important Flavor No. of flavors Availability and Convenience Price Cleanliness of packet/ not modify Manufacturing date /expiry date Frequency of advertisement Brand ambassador Nutritional value/ calorie content Brand value /brand name SKUs available Promotion schemes/discounts Visual appeal of packaging 8. Which is your most preferred channel for purchasing a fruit drink?a) Retail store/grocery store b) Supermarket/hypermarket c) Cineplex d) Pan shop/kiosks e) Restaurants f) T ravel g) Others. 9. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Which is the most important characteristic for choosing the channel? Pricing Ambience Location/ nearness Service Display / selling Reputation Occasion Others Personal Details 1. Age a) b) c) d) 17-20 21-24 25-28 29 and above 2. Gender a) Male b) Female 3. Education a) b) c) d) e) High school Undergraduate fine-tune Postgraduate Others.

Democracy or Dictatorship

It is very(prenominal) unfortunate that after 63 years of creation of Pakistan added to the 200 years of make out against foreign intruders, we ar still debating all over Democracy and Dictatorship is Pakistan. We were able to get an mugwump state but failed to give freedom, equality, tolerance, social aloneice and nation to its people. Iqbals Pakistan was n incessantly achieved we got Jinnahs Pakistan but lost part of it in 1971. Its up to us whether we blame it on failed commonwealth or well-fixed dictatorship but truth is that we lost the identity of prodigiousst arena achieved for Muslim minority of Indian subcontinent.Going through the pages of policy-making history of Pakistan rather pullulate out just a moment of your clip to remember the names of all the Democratic Premiers and all the Democratic Presidents who ruled us over the occlusion of time. I am emphasizing on Democratic because we have seen dictators also produced their knowledge presidents and minister s I bet you cant remember them, at to the lowest degree I cant. On contrary if we start naming dictators non just names, their time of rule, their duration of rule, even we can write books on their in-person lives why is that?It is non criticism on our general knowledge, rather it is the reminder sad truth we have been living all our lives. I can let out on behalf of todays generation, the first news we ever heard about politics was the 1999 military coup over democratic government. And then we fatigued our age of growth and learning under military rule. The opposite day I was discussing with my father and he told me that when he was in school, Ayub Khan ruled Pakistan at his professional age Zia-ul-Haq ruled our country and when they got to a greater extent senior Musharaf came.Just look at history of all the major events or major achievements we ever got were at the time of dictatorship. Dont think that I am in party favour of Dictatorship no never ever ever its not po ssible my mind refuses to accept the basic and fundamental concept of dictatorship. How can a country like Pakistan, with its population of more than 18 crore, where more than 70 languages are spoken, where people belonging from various religions, cast and nations be ruled by ONE person with its whole sole proponents. Experience has shown that in a workings res publica mistakes can eventually be corrected before the society breaks down.The history of dictatorships on the other hand shows that they end all in violent and bloody mess. We have seen in Tunis, in Egypt and now witnessing in Libya. Dictatorship is not made for Pakistan. But the Pakistans intimately successful 5 year plan of 1960-1965 was during time of military dictator Ayub Khan. This plan earned Pakistan 200% profit and it was copied by countries like South Korea. USSR lost its respect as super power at the time military dictator Zia-ul-Haq, thats separate debate what we got in return but we did it.So-called freedom of raise up was awarded in another military dictators time i. e Pervaiz Musharaf. On contrary democratic governments failed to give us any constitution for 9 years after creation of Pakistan, we got but it was brutally torn apart many times. Democratic government played with it by making silly amendments. It was during democracy when we lost East Pakistan in 1971. It was democratic government who ordered police to open fire on protestors rallying against electoral fraud of 1977.Army deed was taken place in Balochistan during democratic government and city of lights had blood bath because of so-called democratic government claiming to be representing majority. And now during democratic time we are still arguing whether Pakistan needs democracy or dictatorship. So this means, something is wrong and has always been wrong which made Pakistan to see the times in which we are living today. May be we never really understood the meaning of democracy. Seems like just completing your count to show majority is democracy, its just a number game for us to have the might of majority whoever they may be and whatever they do.The objective resolution is 1949 states that Pakistan is a sovereign independent state Wherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice as enunciated by Islam shall be fully observed, the classic example of Dasti with fake degree and winning option confirm the democracy as number game. My point is we got the democracy but we were not able to create any democratic constitution in which democracy flourishes and dont remain mere number game. What about an example to make it more understandable. A murderer kills someone and was then caught by lets assure 20 men.Voting was held to decide the fate of the killer, 15 among 20 votes in favour to hang him and 5 opposes the decision. If democracy is just game of numbers to favour majority then according to this definition of democracy he will be hanged. On contrary if democr acy is a system to govern the country where principles of freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice prevails, the murderer can claim it rights and ask the Judicial system, part of democratic system to prosecute him and decide his fate. Let me devote forward to you what I believe real democracy is and what it requires to flourish.Concept of democracy existed in 508 B. C with Greeks, but in that location has been no final definition on which political science students concur. Thats why we see many different kind of democratic systems with its own way of selections came over the period of time known being presidential democracy and parliamentary democracy, wikipedia can list other for you if interested. But there has been points, some basic structures and some basic requirements everyone have agreed upon the most historic being Separation of Powers.The state is divided into branches, each with its separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no one bra nch has more power than the other branches. The normal division of branches is Executive Legislature Judiciary. In parliamentary democracy like Pakistan the responsibilities of executive is done by Prime look along with his ca lay inet, legislation is done by Parliament with its two houses of National Assembly and Senate whereas Judiciary is definitely a complete system of its own.In presidential form of democracy the executive is President with his whole power, legislature is Congress and judiciary is judicial system. But we can see in Pakistan cabinet with its large number and corruption, parliament with its fake degrees and suppression of judiciary over the years destroyed and derailed democracy from time to time. Which confirms that whole bunch of other systems has to be specify to ensure proper governance with its real democratic system. I want to put forward the components, rather sub-systems of any democracy but first there are some other basic points of on which differe nt studies have agreed upon.The real democratic system should ensure dual-lane Respect and Shared Power within its citizens. Shared Respect Because we all are human and contribute to the society, we should be respecting each other point of view with tolerance and treat everyone equally. eachone should be given fair chance to learn and develop some skills in order to be useful for the society. And we should all be recognising each other rights irrespective of profession, cast, creed or religion. Thus shared respect ensures thriving democracy. Shared Power A working democratic system ensures shared power between its citizens representing different group of societies. Students unions, factory labour unions, farmer unions and many others represent their respective community and so playing important is democracy of the country. Every citizen voluntarily votes for election of its representative without interference, thus every citizen is sharing bit power indirectly. And most importa ntly the opposition voices are respected and heard thus ensure their share of power.Beside shared respect and shared power, some conditions of democracy are agreed upon by different political science students i. e sparing balance and Enlightenment. Aristotle believed that the middle income men contribute more to the society thus providing economic balance. Enlightenment is freedom of getting information which is done my public education, books, magazines and most importantly free media. For shared respect, shared power, economic balance and for enlightenment different other systems are put forward in-order to have proper working democratic system which grows and amend itself.I will try to put forward some common and rather most important factors for working democracy. validation is the most sacred document in any democratic country. The set of rules put forward by different group of society and agreed upon by the selective representative of society is very important for any succes sful democratic system. But constitutional history of Pakistan as we all know is very dark and dramatic. For 9 years since the creation of Pakistan we had no constitution, once we had it was brutally raped by dictators.And even last 1973 constitution has been disrespectfully treated by making 19 amendments to it and unfortunately mostly done by democratically elected men. Judiciary should be independent, free from any outside interference. Its no news for us that how judiciary has been treated. Social Justice is ensured by the judicial system and how it can ensured until unless judiciary is having trouble of its own. Social Security is full of life important in any democratic country and is ensured by the security forces or police.Unfortunately in Pakistan the political parties have been assigned different quota to hire its own policemen in-order to confirm the power which totally violates the fundamental concept of democracy. Education system ensures the enlightenment condition of any democratic system. Citizens should be well-aware of laws, constitution and their right. The educational innovation should also work as political institution where future leaders or political activist should be created. Student politics should be good and well governed by the institution itself, otherwise the Family politics will never in country like Pakistan.Election Commission should independent of any political influence and is creditworthy for free and fare election. The voters list should be error free and encourage its citizen to take part in electoral system. Not only education system, election commission should also be involved in educating the citizens and realising them the importance of voting to decide their future. Last but not least the Accountability. Umer bin Abdulaziz, who was caliph of Ummayid Dynasty and was famously called the fifth caliph once said, Rulers usually appoint people to watch over their subjects.I appoint you a watcher over me and my behaviour . If you find me at fault in word or action guide me and stop me from doing it. The accountability or the check and balance have vital importance in democratic system. This rules out the might of majority and ensures that democracy should not be considered as number game. NAB (National Accountability Bureau) of Pakistan is supposed to responsible for that but unfortunately this institution has never been given its deserved power and been played in hands of politicians.Democracy or democratic system is not heavenly devised system it is system of government of the people, by the people, for the people which can have loopholes and can be played with, but proper democratic system grows with time differently from nation to nation. We Pakistanis as independent nation living in independent and sovereign country can, shall and will produce such a democratic system with justice for its citizen, rights of the people, accountability of empowered, education to its youth and proper economic syst em. No wonder Pakistan can become the country which Allama Muhammad Iqbal wished for.

Inventory Systems Summary Essay

AbstractTo be successful in todays rail line environment, an organization must be able to perform indisputable fundamentals accurately and efficiently. wholeness of these elements is having an effective and efficient Inventory System Management (ISM). ISM enables one to have the knowledge of where his or her enrolment is at every step of the way. This allows one to better interact with consumer and make sales. Choosing the right ISM john lead and pave the ground work for future business success and profitability.Inventory System SummaryThe purpose of this group assignment is to collaborate as a team to compare different archive systems and hear the advantage and disadvantages of each system in relation to the some others. Management of inventory is important to any business that wants to succeed. Companies purchase inventory systems to help manage the inventory of an organization. Team A reviewed the chase companies and their inventory concern programs scoop up obtain, , and . This Inventory System Summary includes a description of the chosen companies and their inventory systems, and a comparison describing the advantages and disadvantages of each system.Best BuyBest Buy is the largest consumer electronics store in the world. Each year it increases its presence in the market share and distances itself fromothers in the industry. Best Buy is headquartered in the Twin cities area of Minnesota, where it handles all main business functions and the leadership that manages its 180,000 employees and 4,000 stores across the globe (Best Buy, 2010). During the previous fiscal year, Best Buy put in nearly 50 billion in revenues and 2.2 billion in operating revenue. They also reported that they possess 18.3 billion in total assets and 6.3 billion in total equity.Best Buy has a large array of trade including consumer and commercial furniture, small and major appliances, and a wide assortment of consumer electronics. They also purpose an increasingly large list of go. These services include Geek Squad computer services, Best Buy for Business commercial services, and many other services designed detailally for the end user. They operate stores in many amountries across the world however they also operate their company online. From their website, Bestbuy.com, many of their products and services laughingstock be ordered and set up for delivery.The different types of products and services Best Buy offers in addition to the different options available to purchase and receive their merchandise makes Best Buy a very difficult company to maintain. They are successful because of the time and money put into their inventory systems. To maintain continuity across the board for all of their arrayner companies and different store brands they operate , Best Buy uses a similar inventory management system that allows them to track inventory, along with a transaction management system that directly adjusts and updates the world wide inventory both in warehouses and within each store.Most products that Best Buy sales are shipped directly from the manufacturer to the many warehouses and distribution centers across the US and the world where the stores and online sales can pull and ship directly from. One change that Best Buy has gone through the past five historic period is a switch to a partially vendor based management system. With this raw system, Best Buy will limit the vendors and distributers that they purchase from, and will relinquish some of their inventory control over to them. The innovation created by this new system allows vendors to monitor inventory levels and toship and replenish product as levels get low.Some of the advantages of this system are the advantage of directly supplying to the customer from vendor, which cuts the delivery time shorter, availability of the product, ability to offer products at a lower price compared to Best Buys competitors, and the flexibility to further originate other areas of their business. Some of the disadvantages are limiting the vendors may limit the variety of products, relinquishing inventory control over to vendors and distributors may negatively impact their customer satisfaction, and the customers may decide to deal with supplier directly which could put Best Buy at risk of loosing their business.Inventory levels over the past 4 years have remained on an increasingly consistent track as their revenue has risen. According to Best Buy (2010), this rise in revenue and assets is partly collect to the fact that they enter new markets and open new stores across the world. The latest opportunities that they have come across include new stores in Europe and other areas overseas. This is new territory for Best Buy but has been a successful venture based on their flexibility with their inventory systems that they have in place. The following table presents the last five year financial highlights according to the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Annual Report on Form 10-K. (Investor Relations, 2010) dingle dingle is clearly a giant leader in the information technology world. dingle is an American company with headquarters in Round Rock, Texas. The company develops, sells and supports computers and associate products and services. The company got its birth in 1984, founded by Michael Dell. Dell has become one of the most admired companies in the electronic industry. According to Fortune Magazine, Dell is listed as the 38th largest company in the United States. Based on total revenue, Dell is the 5th largest company in Texas and the 2nd largest non-oil company in Texas (Wikipedia, 2010). So, how does Dell do it? Managing its inventory base is an indication.From its early beginnings, Dell set the bar. Dell uses the just in time (JIT) approach in the manufacturing facilities. By using this technique, Dell can minimize its inventory cost. In an industry that rapidly changes, maintaining low inventory levels is one key factor to survival. According to Wall Street diarys MarketWatch (2010), the following table provides asnapshot portion of the financials recorded for Dell from its balance sheet. Annual Financials for Dell, Inc.According to Wikipedia (2010), just-in-time (JIT) is an inventory strategy that is designed aide in improving a businesss return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and any carrying costs associated. JIT production manner is also known as the Toyota Production System. JIT works with of use of signals at different points in the manufacturing process. The signals indicate the presence or absence of a part or the need to make another part. If JIT processes are implemented correctly, it can improve an organizations return on investment, quality,and efficiency. It is quite simple the philosophy behind JIT is inventory is waste and Dell has tried to capture that philosophy.Wal-MartThe worlds largest and most profitable retailer, Wal-Mart continues to expand its reach in the US and worldwide. To do this, Wal-Mart has to track what is selling, what isnt, and what products its over 3,740 stores nationwide need whether it be their discount stores, supercenters, or neighborhood markets. The below excerpt from the 2010 annual report (2010 annual report-walmartstores.com, 2010) shows the level of inventories that Wal-Mart has maintained for the last cardinal years (Amounts in millions except per share and unit count data)With an average of $34m in inventory, being valued under the LIFO last in early out- method keeping track of it is of major importance to the retail giant. To keep track of its inventory, Wal-mart and Sams Club use electronic product jurisprudence (EPC) labels to make sure the products you want are available when you need them (walmartstores.com, 2010). What is an EPC? The EPC is a lot like a bar code that most stores use. Wal-Mart uses the EPC because the information that can be tracked about the product being purchased include s what the product are, who are the manufacturers, and other specifics like color, size, style, and more.The information provided by the EPC allows Wal-Mart to better manage the inventory on hand, making sure the store provides its customers with what they want, when they want it. How does EPC work? EPC labels consist of a unique number that can be tied back to a specific piece of merchandise. Using special readers, and through the magic of RFIDs, the EPC doesnt have to be scanned directly for them to be read by the computers. This means that Wal-Mart can count thousands of items in seconds and know which products are out ofstock (walmartstores.com, 2010). The products that Wal-Mart is tracking with the EPC are easy to find.They are identified by an EPC symbol. What does EPC mean to consumers? The ability to track impermanent inventory information is important as it ensures that the retail giant can keep products in stock that consumers want. Amazingly, with all the information tha t the EPC tracks, there is no incursion of privacy to the consumer. The EPC does not collect personal information when purchased. Labels are not tracked once the actual merchandise is bought and leaves the store.ComparisonThe different inventory systems apply by each organization share a common goal. The system tracks the inventory for each company allowing them to hopefully save money by wise to(p) where items are and what needs to be purchased. Each organization emphasizes inventory control and recognizes the effects of inventory management on their overall profitability. To this end, many of the companies use a variation of bar coding or Radio-frequency identification (RFID) to track inventory. Each organization also ties inventory management to an awareness of demand this allows the organization to apace react to changing market conditions.ConclusionBecause inventory is possibly the largest current asset listed on a organizations financial statement, correct inventory manage ment is at the heart of a businesss success or failure.References2010 Annual Report Walmartstores.com (2010). Retrieved on January 10, 2011 from http//cdn.walmartstores.com/sites/AnnualReport/2010/PDF/WMT_2010AR_FINAL.pdf Best Buy (2010). Company Reference Best Buy. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http//www.answers.com/ emergence/best-buy-co-inc Dell. (2010). Wall Street Journal MarketWatch. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from http//www.marketwatch.com/investing/Stock/DELL/financials/balance-sheet Hoyt, W. (2002). The basics of inventory tracking. Retrieved on January 10, 2011 from http//www.essortment.com/career/smallbusinesst_tuag.htm

Jails and Prisons

The Differences of Prisons and Jails Kenitra Evans CRJ303 instructor Martin McAuliffe March 13, 2013 at that place be many differences amidst immures and prisons. They equally both contribute offenders but their sidereal day to day operations be very(prenominal) contrary. at that place argon long histories ab bulge out jails and prisons both and in this paper we will describe the differences of jails and prisons including how they operate and their functions.Many masses hear the words prison and or jail, and they recollect that both are one in the aforementioned(prenominal) but in reality they are very much different. Jails are correctional facilities that house offenders in advance or subsequently they are clipd for their discourtesys committed. Those individuals that are intent in jails are * Individuals pending arraignment and awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing * Probation, parole, and unloose bond violators and absconders (Seiter,2011 pg 71) There a re many different other reasons jails house inmates. Jails are full divine service facilities that offer security, food service, medical care, and offender programs and are at that placefore different from lockups, which are commonly hardened in police stations and hold populate only for a short period of time, unremarkably no more than forty-eight hours. (Seitter, 2011) Sheriffs and topical anesthetic g every(prenominal)wherenments oversee the day to day operation of jails and there are different jails much(prenominal) as the regional jail which were created because the basic operations of jails were becoming modify for small counties and the need for funding to continue operations.There are astir(predicate) 3,600 jails in the United States. The size of the jail population is a product of decisions made by various law enforcement entities that the jail serves, the courts, and other segments of the bend justice system. The size of the jail population is alike affected by local, state, and federal laws crime rank and public attitudes about crime. (nicic. gov) The length of stay and those admitted to jails are quite different from prisons. There have been just about 9 to 11 admissions to jail and the average length of stay is 15 to twenty days.Sometimes a soul stays longer if they are still fight a case thus pushing out their court dates which extends their stay provided they go offnot afford bail. During 2003, 686,437 inmates were admitted to state and federal prisons, 656,320 inmates were released, and the average length of stay for released inmates was 36 months. The jail system booking and release procedures are on a constant whirlwind with bail bonds and so forth. There are different jails as wellspring such(prenominal) as state jails and county jails.In state jails an inmate can spend no more than two days maximum. Prisons Prisons are run by state governments and the federal Bureau of Prisons. There are only about 100 federal prisons, detention centers, and correctional institutions in the U. S. Prisons were created to house inmates that are serving a sentence of one year or more that are convicted of crimes. Prisons offer more to inmates such as hightail it programs, Halfway houses and other educational programs that could possibly eudaemonia the offender.These sorts of incentives are not offered in jails because inmates are unremarkably serving shorter sentences. There are different facilities such as BOP operated prisons, long term submit facilities and jails/short term facilities. Many offenders in prison are set in place by their security levels. Some are deemed as utter chance, medium risk or high risk offenders which determine where they are housed. The prison budget has been over exceeded with the operations and also building more prisons to close out overcrowding. Corrections is the fifth-largest area of state spend after Medicaid, secondary education, higher education and transportation. State s pending on prisons has swelled as the nations jail and prison population has climbed to 2. 3 one thousand thousand people, or about one in every 100 adults. But grim budget realities are forcing state lawmakers hand. (pewtrusts. org) There is a difference in jails and prisons as well as how they are operated. Prisons house offenders that have been convicted of crimes whereas jails house those awaiting trial as well as those serving shorter sentences.Prisons and jails have come a long way and there will be more changes to come with the worlds crime rate as it is. References At Least 23 States Cut Funding for Prisons This Year, August 11, 2009 The Pew freehearted Trusts http//www. pewtrusts. org/our_work_report_detail. aspx? id=54481 Corrections An Introduction Richard P. Seiter 3rd edition 2011 upper Saddle River New York Jail Resource Issues What both Funding Authority Need to Know, Gary M. Bowker February 2002 http//static. nicic. gov/Library/017372. pdfJails and PrisonsThe Diff erences of Prisons and Jails Kenitra Evans CRJ303 Instructor Martin McAuliffe March 13, 2013 There are many differences between jails and prisons. They equally both house offenders but their day to day operations are very different. There are long histories about jails and prisons both and in this paper we will describe the differences of jails and prisons including how they operate and their functions.Many people hear the words prison and or jail, and they believe that both are one in the same but in reality they are very much different. Jails are correctional facilities that house offenders before or after they are sentenced for their crimes committed. Those individuals that are confined in jails are * Individuals pending arraignment and awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing * Probation, parole, and bail bond violators and absconders (Seiter,2011 pg 71) There are many different other reasons jails house inmates. Jails are full service facilities that offer security, food servi ce, medical care, and offender programs and are therefore different from lockups, which are commonly located in police stations and hold people only for a short period of time, usually no more than forty-eight hours. (Seitter, 2011) Sheriffs and local governments oversee the day to day operation of jails and there are different jails such as the regional jail which were created because the basic operations of jails were becoming complicated for small counties and the need for funding to continue operations.There are about 3,600 jails in the United States. The size of the jail population is a product of decisions made by various law enforcement entities that the jail serves, the courts, and other segments of the criminal justice system. The size of the jail population is also affected by local, state, and federal laws crime rates and public attitudes about crime. (nicic. gov) The length of stay and those admitted to jails are quite different from prisons. There have been almost 9 to 11 admissions to jail and the average length of stay is 15 to twenty days.Sometimes a person stays longer if they are still fighting a case thus pushing out their court dates which extends their stay provided they cannot afford bail. During 2003, 686,437 inmates were admitted to state and federal prisons, 656,320 inmates were released, and the average length of stay for released inmates was 36 months. The jail system booking and release procedures are on a constant whirlwind with bail bonds and so forth. There are different jails as well such as state jails and county jails.In state jails an inmate can spend no more than two years maximum. Prisons Prisons are run by state governments and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. There are only about 100 federal prisons, detention centers, and correctional institutions in the U. S. Prisons were created to house inmates that are serving a sentence of one year or more that are convicted of crimes. Prisons offer more to inmates such as work progra ms, Halfway houses and other educational programs that could possibly benefit the offender.These sorts of incentives are not offered in jails because inmates are usually serving shorter sentences. There are different facilities such as BOP operated prisons, long term contract facilities and jails/short term facilities. Many offenders in prison are set in place by their security levels. Some are deemed as low risk, medium risk or high risk offenders which determine where they are housed. The prison budget has been over exceeded with the operations and also building more prisons to prevent overcrowding. Corrections is the fifth-largest area of state spending after Medicaid, secondary education, higher education and transportation. State spending on prisons has swelled as the nations jail and prison population has climbed to 2. 3 million people, or about one in every 100 adults. But grim budget realities are forcing state lawmakers hand. (pewtrusts. org) There is a difference in jails and prisons as well as how they are operated. Prisons house offenders that have been convicted of crimes whereas jails house those awaiting trial as well as those serving shorter sentences.Prisons and jails have come a long way and there will be more changes to come with the worlds crime rate as it is. References At Least 23 States Cut Funding for Prisons This Year, August 11, 2009 The Pew Charitable Trusts http//www. pewtrusts. org/our_work_report_detail. aspx? id=54481 Corrections An Introduction Richard P. Seiter 3rd edition 2011 Upper Saddle River New York Jail Resource Issues What Every Funding Authority Need to Know, Gary M. Bowker February 2002 http//static. nicic. gov/Library/017372. pdf

Pride and Prejudice Analysis on the Theme of Love Essay

* Ultimately, overcharge and Prejudice is a venerate story in that the way Darcy/Elizabeth and Bingley/Jane finally come together forms the foundation of the plot.* True love, as it is represented in the novel, can overcome the odds such as the to-do of well-meaning friends as well as pride and evil. It lasts over time and is non based on a few weeks acquaintance. Austen seems to believe in love based on mutual gratitude, esteem and respect. cosmos intellectually and exampleistically equal excessively seems to be important. This is demonstrated in the characters and relationships workforcetioned above. The power of love to swop wad is also explored with Elizabeth and Darcy becoming better people as a result of their relationship.* Some early(a) marriages such as Wickham/Lydia, Mr. and Mrs. Bennet and Mr. collins/Charlotte be looked upon disapprovingly because they argon not marriages of true love, and marriages based on desire or pecuniary convenience.Marriage* Marriag e is seen as necessary for complaisant respectability and material comfort. The sole aim of Mrs. Bennets life is get her daughters married, hence cover its importance.* there are different aims and kinds of marriages. Marriages for convenience, financial security, desire and of course, love are the most joint ones.* There is the question of where to draw the line between the prudent and mercenary motive in marriage.* The novel reflects the legitimate societal problem of the lack of availability of suitable partners, reflected in Charlottes desire to grasp at anything.* Austen shows that marriage can be motivated by love and not money by dint of the of import characters. Darcy and Bingley both marry socially and financially inferior women.* She began now to comprehend that he was exactly the man, who, in disposition and talents, would most suit her. His understanding and temper, though un similar her own, would concur answered all her wishes. It was a sum of money that must have been to the advantage of both by her ease and liveliness, his mind might have been softened, his address improved, and from his judgement, information, and knowledge of the world, she must have received benefit of greater importance. But no such cheerful marriage could now teach the admiring multitude what connubial felicity actually was. (P.295-6)Wealth* In the novel, wealthiness is seen as beneficial commodity but not necessarily guaranteeing happiness, morality and pricy sense. Bingley and Darcy choose their wives for their character and beauty probably because they have a better chance of happiness. Miss Bingley is rich but wanting in straightforward morals and kindness. Lady Catherine is also rich but lacking in good sense.* Solely marrying for money is frowned upon, i.e. Mr. Wickham, Mrs. Bennets vulgar desire to have her daughters marry rich men* Austen places character above material wealth in terms of choosing a marriage partner, as Elizabeth ab initio refuses D arcy despite his great fortune.* Austen shows that worth is not based on wealth or social, that mortalal qualities are important besides, such as morality and news show.First impressions* Linked to prejudice, Austen shows that starting impressions are not evermore a true reflection of the way things really are. This is shown best through the characters of Wickham and Darcy.* Darcy also has to overcome his first impression of Elizabeth, especially her less than friendly attitude towards him.* Austen endorses the value of not judging a person immediately but taking time to see their true character.Pride* Austen disapproves of excessive pride through the depictions of Lady Catherine, Darcy and Mr. Collins. Lady Catherine thinks she has a right to interfere in all aspects peoples lives, Mr. Collins is arrogant because of his association with Lady Catherine and his moral rightness and Darcys pride provokes the dis interchangeable of people, in particular, Elizabeth. Elizabeth is als o proud in that she stubbornly believes she is right about Darcy and persists in disliking him.* Pride is a very common failing, I believe. By all that I have ever read, I am convinced that it is very common indeed, that human nature is particularly prone to it, and that there are very few of us who do not cherish a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality, real or imaginary.* Mary also says, Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously. (P.21) Pride is about what we think of ourselves, while vanity is about the opinions of others.Ignorance* Austen disapproves of ignorance, demonstrated in the way that certain characters are mocked for their stupidity, in particular, Mrs. Bennet, Lydia, Mr. Collins and Lady Catherine. Their ignorance is often a source of humour.* Austen endorses intelligence both Darcy and Elizabeth are intelligent, and seems to promote reading for the getting of knowledge and understanding.* To some extent, E lizabeth is ignorant too because of her prejudice towards Wickham and Darcy. Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away. (P.202) Therefore, prejudice is linked with ignorance. Similarly, people dislike Darcy because of ignorance they dont who he really is.Courtship* The novel explores different methods of courtship. Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcy both have interesting methods. Mr. Darcy apologises for being in love and insults Elizabeth. Mr. Collins lists all the practical benefits of marriage for himself and is totally unconvincing in his expressions of love. They sound like the complements he likes to create and prepare.* Jane conceals her affection too much. If a woman conceals her affection with the same skill from the reject of it, she may lose the opportunity of fixing him and it will then be but poor quilt to believe the world equally i n the dark. (P.22)CharactersElizabeth Bennet* Lively, attractive, spirited, articulate, well-mannered, affectionate, genteel* intelligent, perceptive, well-read, independent, rational* Easily prejudiced positively and negatively determined to dislike Darcy and like Wickham* High moral standards high ideals about marriage and love* Cheerful disposition able to laugh at her misfortunes* Realises her mistakes and follies when she sees Darcys nature* Ashamed of the oddities of her family, yet consecrate to their wellbeing* Displays strength and intelligence when confronted by Lady Catherine sees through her wealth and statusFitzwilliam Darcy* Handsome, refined, discreet, intelligent, articulate* chastely upright, devoted to his sister, honest, honourable, loving, highly praised by housekeeper, accepts blame* conscious of his pedigree, arrogant, shy, un convenient around strangers, reserved* Becomes more modest, reduce and well-mannered after Elizabeth reprimands himJane Bennet* Attra ctive, genteel, kind, inclined to think the best of people, sensitive, modest, patient, a little bit too perfect to be trueCharles Bingley* Sociable, lively, unreserved, keen on pleasing others, relies on Darcy for guidance, kind, loved by everyone, gentleman-like, lacks firmness and his own opinionMr. Bennet* Quick, reserved, sarcastic, humorous, capricious, has philosophic composure* Is content to laugh at the oddities of his family without endeavouring to fix them* positive towards his family realises this after the Lydia/Wickham affair* Favours Elizabeth because they are similar in intellectualism and character* Well-read, likes the country, shuts himself in his library away from his family* regrets marrying a woman he cant respect, enjoys teasing his wifeMrs. Bennet* Comic figure, foolish, talkative, snobbish, ignorant, obscure temper, small-minded, naive* Business of life was to get her daughters married nothing matters more to her, insincereCaroline Bingley* Shallow, mat erialistic, snobbish, unkind, lacks integrity, wants Darcy, hypocriticalMr. Collins* Comic figure, absurd, complements everything, thinks he is serious, apologises excessively* Feels proud because of his association with Lady Catherine and because of his moral uprightness* Marries wholly for practical reasons, not for love* Other people generally cant stand him shut for Charlotte who seems to be willing to tolerate himLady Catherine de Bourgh* Comic figure associated with authors satire of appearances and good breeding* Arrogant, authoritative, thinks she has a right to dictate every aspect of peoples lives* Patronising, condescending by chance this is suits her role as a patroness* Lacks wisdom and gentility, forthright, conscious of her rank and pedigreeMr. Wickham* Uses his good looks and overhear to attract wealthy women for their money, seems to have no morals, has all the appearance of goodness, lives wildly, squanders all his money, takes advantage of other peoples kindne ss, initially loved by everyone, stands in contrast to DarcyCharlotte Lucas* Pragmatic in terms of marriage, seems to drill hole to grasp at any offer of marriageMr. & Mrs. Gardiner* Like-minded to Jane and Elizabeth, one of the few relatives Elizabeth isnt shamed of.Lydia Bennet* High-spirited, similar to her mother, obsessed with officers, wild and unrestrained, uncivil, boisterous, talkative, unashamed, fearless, noisyMary Bennet* Studious, well-read, intellectual, prides herself on morality and sense, working hard for accomplishments, has a conceited and pedantic airStyle* Use of exaggeration* Formal, refined terminology elegant dialogue* Subtle, light touch, not vicious or forceful* Irony In a fortnight they (the officers) were to go, and once gone, she (Elizabeth) hoped there could be nothing more to plague her on his (Wickham) account. (P.215). This is irony in setting up for Lydias elopement with Wickham.* Caricature Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins and Lady Catherine are all examples of what Jane Austen thinks people should not be.Setting* Small country town gossip, ignorance, small-mindedness. Mr. Darcydrewattentionby his fine, tall personand the news report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year. (P.12) In a small town, all they do prattle each other and gossip, especially people like Mrs. Bennet. Also reflected in Mrs. Bennet is the small-mindedness and ignorance.* 18th century England reflected in social conventions, social rank, class system, marriage. brotherly conventions The Bennet girls couldnt visit Bingley until Mr. Bennet went first. Husbands and wives rarely referred to each other by first names in front of servants. Social rank and class system Darcy, Bingley and Lady Catherine are higher in rank than the Bennets, the Lucases and the Collins. Therefore the Bennet girls were advancing in their status by marrying Darcy and Bingley. There is only any mention of the l ower classes Marriage the general opinion was that marriage equalled happiness, social security and financial convenience especially for women.Context* Much social upheaval in other parts of europium however, this is not evident in this novel. England was still very much a class-ridden society. Austen only focuses on the comfortable lives of the middle and upper classes. It was fashionable for young ladies of the middle class to do as little home(prenominal) work as possible. This is why the Bennet girls seem to have nothing to do except visit officers, shop, go to balls, socialise, play music and read.